Use of topical colistin in bacterial keratitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: a case report / Uso de colistina tópica em ceratite bacteriana causada por Pseudomonas Aeruginosa extensivamente resistente a medicamentos: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Bacterial keratitis caused by multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a therapeutic challenge due to a limited number of active antimicrobials and rapid progression to corneal necrosis and perforation. To report the use of topical colistin and surgical tarsorrhaphy in a case of keratitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. A 56-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit with clinical symptoms of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. During his stay in the unit, he developed rapidly progressive keratitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to all drugs except for colistin on culture. Due to incomplete lid closure, a temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed, and a regimen of descending-dose topical colistin was initiated. After five weeks, keratitis resolved completely. Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an unusual cause of bacterial keratitis. We describe the safe and effective use of topical colistin in a case with severe corneal involvement.

RESUMO A ceratite bacteriana causada por cepas multirresistentes de Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um desafio terapêutico, devido à disponibilidade limitada de antimicrobianos e à rápida progressão para necrose e perfuração da córnea. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o uso de colistina tópica e tarsorrafia cirúrgica em um caso de ceratite por Pseudomonas aeruginosa amplamente resistente a medicamentos em um paciente com pneumonia grave por COVID19. Um homem de 56 anos foi internado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva com sintomas clínicos de pneumonia grave por COVID19. Durante sua permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva, o paciente desenvolveu uma ceratite rapidamente progressiva, cuja cultura foi positiva para Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a todos os antimicrobianos, exceto colistina. Devido ao fechamento incompleto da pálpebra, foi realizada uma tarsorrafia temporária e foi instituído um esquema de colistina tópica em doses decrescentes. Após cinco semanas, a resolução completa da ceratite foi alcançada. Pseudomonas aeruginosa amplamente resistente a medicamentos é uma causa incomum de ceratite bacteriana. Este relato descreve o uso seguro e eficaz da colistina tópica em um caso com comprometimento corneano grave.

Use of topical colistin in bacterial keratitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: a case report.

Bacterial keratitis caused by multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a therapeutic challenge due to a limited number of active antimicrobials and rapid progression to corneal necrosis and perforation. To report the use of topical colistin and surgical tarsorrhaphy in a case of keratitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. A 56-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit with clinical symptoms of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. During his stay in the unit, he developed rapidly progressive keratitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to all drugs except for colistin on culture. Due to incomplete lid closure, a temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed, and a regimen of descending-dose topical colistin was initiated. After five weeks, keratitis resolved completely. Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an unusual cause of bacterial keratitis. We describe the safe and effective use of topical colistin in a case with severe corneal involvement.

Endophthalmitis secondary to donor to host infection in posterior lamellar keratoplasties: A systematic review.

Donor to host transmission of infectious agents is a well-recognized entity, more commonly related to Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK) than to Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), that involves complications ranging from interface keratitis to endophthalmitis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the published articles until December 2020 reporting cases of endophthalmitis secondary to corneal graft contamination in posterior lamellar keratoplasties (DSAEK and DMEK) along with donor characteristics, microbiological profile, treatment and outcomes. Each identified article was assessed to meet donor to host infection criteria, defined as a post-procedural infection in which the same microbiological agent was identified in both the donor corneoscleral rim or preservation medium and receptor ocular tissue. From 23 research articles, eight reports of endophthalmitis in nine patients following DSAEK or DMEK secondary to donor to host infection fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority were male and the median age was 72.0 (45.0-81.0) years old. Indications of surgery were primarily pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs dystrophy. A fungal pathogen was identified in eight of nine patients. All the cases underwent surgical management with lenticule removal or endothelial plaque aspiration. The final corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in all cases was 20/200 or better. Endophthalmitis after an EK procedure is a rare complication whose outcome depends on the aggressive and precocious treatment. Identification of early signs of interface keratitis and lenticule removal seems mandatory in patients undergoing DSAEK or DMEK to prevent further involvement of the globe.

Association Between Burnout and Intention to Emigrate in Peruvian health-care Workers.

BACKGROUND: Emigration of health-care workers is a problem within global health systems which affects many countries, including Peru. Several factors have caused health-care workers to emigrate, including burnout syndrome (BS). This study aims to identify the association between BS and its dimensions with the intention of physicians and nurses to emigrate from Peru in 2014. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Health Users (ENSUSALUD - 2014) was conducted. Sampling was probabilistic, considering the 24 departments of Peru. We include the questionnaire for physicians and nurses, accounting for 5062 workers. BS was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the study population, 44.1% were physicians, 37.7% males, and 23.1% were working in Lima. It was found that 2.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19-3.45] of health-care workers had BS. The overall prevalence of intention to emigrate among health-care workers was 7.4% (95% CI: 6.36-8.40). Association was found between BS and intention to emigrate in Peruvian health-care workers (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.40). Emotional exhaustion was the BS dimension most associated with intention to emigrate (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16-2.78). CONCLUSION: Physicians and nurses from Peru who suffered from BS were more likely to have intention to emigrate. Policies should be established to reduce BS as a strategy to control "brain drain" from health-care workers of Peru.

Manejo quirúrgico de pseudotumor hemofílico retroperitoneal: Reporte de caso / Surgical management of a retroperitoneal hemophilic pseudotumor: Report of a case

El pseudotumor hemofílico es una complicación muy rara vista en pacientes con hemofilia severa, y que cuyo manejo aún no se encuentra estandarizado. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 33 años de edad admitido en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo por presentar una tumoración localizada en fosa iliaca izquierda, dolorosa a la palpación, asociada a alteración de la marcha. Realizada la exéresis, se identificó un pseudotumor hemofílico gigante ubicado en retroperitoneo. Este caso expone el primer reporte de manejo de pseudotumor hemofílico en nuestro país, con resultados satisfactorios a los 12 meses del posoperatorio.

The hemophilic pseudotumor is a very rare complication occurring in patients with severe hemophilia, and its management has not been standardized yet. We present the case of a 33-year old male patient who was admitted to the surgery ward in Dos de Mayo Hospital in Lima, Peru, who presented with a tumoral mass located in the left iliac fossa, which was painful when palpated, and it was associated with gait alterations. When the mass was excised, a giant hemophilic pseudotumor located in the retroperitoneum was identified. This is the first case describing the management of a hemophilic pseudotumor in our country, with satisfactory results at 12 months after surgery.

Place of origin associated with depressive symptoms in health professionals performing social health service in Ancash, Peru, 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Health professionals performing their social health service (SHS) in rural communities could be at risk of developing depression. Moreover, those who migrate from farther places to perform their SHS could have an increased risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between place of origin and the presence of depressive symptoms, in health professionals performing rural social health service (SHS) in Ancash, Peru. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. During April 2015, a survey was applied to health professionals performing SHS in the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA) facilities in Ancash. The main outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms, defined as a score ≥2 points in the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. The main exposure was the place of origin, defined as the place where the subjects completed their undergraduate professional studies (Ancash, Lima city or others). Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: From 573 health professionals performing their SHS in MINSA in Ancash, 347 were included in the study. The mean age was 27.2±4.5 years, 78.7% were women, and 14.7% scored positive for depressive symptoms. Those who had completed their undergraduate professional studies in Lima city had a higher prevalence of presence of depressive symptoms compared to those who did in Ancash (aPR=2.59, 95%CI=1.23-5.45). CONCLUSIONS: Those who completed their undergraduate professional studies in Lima had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those who did in Ancash. Possible explanations include the difficulty in visiting family and friends, acculturation, and lack of Quechua language proficiency.

Problems perceived and experienced by health professionals rendering social service in Ancash, Peru. 2015 / Problemas percibidos y experimentados por profesionales de salud durante el servicio social en Ancash, Perú. 2015

Abstract Introduction: Social health services in Peru have certain problems such as unsafe work conditions, mortality associated with traffic accidents and poor insurance coverage. Objective: To describe the problems perceived and experienced by health professionals who render Rural and Urban Marginal Health Service (SERUMS in Spanish) in Ancash (Peru), and to evaluate their association with the profession and the category of the facilities where SERUMS is rendered. Materials and methods: In April 2015, an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in professionals who were rendering SERUMS in facilities of the Ministry of Health in Ancash. Surveys were applied to collect general data, and characteristics and problems of SERUMS. Results: 364 surveys were analyzed. 79.3% were females, and the average age was 27.4±5.0 years. During SERUMS, 80.0% of participants perceived lack of supplies, 54.4% perceived excessive workload, and 14.7% suffered some traffic accident. Being a physician and working in I-1 health facilities were factors associated with suffering traffic accidents and other kind of accidents. Conclusions: Respondents reported excessive workload, lack of supplies, and accidents. Accidents were more frequent in physicians and in I-1 health facilities.

Resumen Introducción. En Perú, durante el servicio social en salud se han reportado problemas como condiciones laborales riesgosas, mortalidad asociada a accidentes de tránsito y déficit de cobertura de aseguramiento. Objetivo. Describir los problemas percibidos y experimentados por los profesionales de salud que realizan el Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUMS) en Ancash, Perú, y evaluar su asociación con la práctica de los profesionales y la categoría del establecimiento donde se realiza el SERUMS. Materiales y métodos. Durante abril del 2015, se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con profesionales de salud que realizaban el SERUMS en establecimientos del Ministerio de Salud de Ancash. Se aplicaron encuestas para recolectar datos generales, características y problemas del SERUMS. Resultados. Se analizaron 364 encuestas. El 79.3% de los participantes fue de sexo femenino, la edad promedio fue de 27.4±5.0 años, 80.0% percibió carencia de insumos, 54.4% percibió carga laboral excesiva, y 14.7% sufrió algún accidente de tránsito durante el SERUMS. Ser médico y laborar en establecimientos I-1 fueron factores asociados a haber sufrido accidentes de tránsito y otros imprevistos. Conclusiones. Los encuestados reportan carga laboral excesiva, carencia de insumos y accidentes. Los accidentes son más frecuentes en médicos y en establecimientos de categoría I-1.

[Associated Factors with Burnout Syndrome In Physicians and nurses from Peru, 2014]. / Factores asociados con el síndrome de Burnout en médicos y enfermeras, Perú 2014.

Aim: To identify factors associated to burnout syndrome (BS) in health workers from Peru in 2014 Methods: A cross-sectional study by secondary analysis of the Peruvian National Survey of Users of Health in 2014 was conducted. BS was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). A descriptive analysis was performed, also bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed calculating p values and crude and adjusted OR by logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of BS in health professionals was 2.8% and associated variables were: gender, time in the health, working hours and total monthly income. Conclusions: We found that factors associated with SB on health workers of Peru in 2014 were gender, time in the health sector, working hours and the total monthly income.

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al Síndrome de Burnout (SB) en trabajadores de salud del Perú en el año 2014. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico mediante un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Usuarios de Salud del año 2014 en Perú. El SB fue medido mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, también un análisis bivariado y multivariado calculando los valores de p y los OR crudos y ajustados mediante Regresión Logística. Resultados: La prevalencia del SB en los profesionales de la salud fue 2,8%, encontrándose asociadas las variables: género, tiempo en el sector salud, horas de trabajo e ingreso mensual total. Conclusiones: Se encontró que los factores asociados al SB en el personal de Perú en el año 2014 fueron el género, el tiempo en el sector salud, las horas de trabajo y el ingreso mensual total.

[Prevalence of burnout syndrome in peruvian physicians and nurses, ENSUSALUD 2014]. / Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos y enfermeras del Perú, ENSUSALUD 2014.

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BOS) in Peruvian physicians and nurses in 2014 according to different cutoff points established in the literature. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study based on the National Survey on User Satisfaction of Health Services for 2014 (ENSUSALUD-2014), which features two-stage probability sampling. BOS was identified by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) using different cutoff points to establish prevalence, including default values, terciles, and quartiles. Results Of the 5062 health professionals, 62.3% were women, 44.0% were physicians, 46.0% belonged to the MINSA, and 23.1% worked in Lima. The overall BOS prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.4-3.2), when default values were used; the prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI, 7.3-8.6) when quartiles were used as cutoff points and 12.5% (95% CI, 11.4-13.6) when terciles were used as cutoff points. The prevalence was higher in doctors than in nurses, regardless of the cutoff point used (3.7% vs. 2.1% using default values, 10.2 vs. 6.1% using quartiles, and 16.2 vs. 9.5% using terciles). Conclusions The prevalence of BOS in health workers differs within the same population when different cutoff points are used. The use of default values is recommended by the instrument author until specific cut-points for our country are obtained.

Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos y enfermeras del Perú, ENSUSALUD 2014 / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in peruvian physicians and nurses, ENSUSALUD 2014

RESUMEN Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout(SB) en los médicos y enfermeras del Perú en el año 2014, según los diferentes puntos de corte establecidos en la literatura. Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal y descriptivo basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud del año 2014 (ENSUSALUD-2014) que cuenta con un muestreo probabilístico bietápico. El SB fue identificado mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory -Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) utilizando diferentes puntos de corte para establecer su prevalencia: valores predeterminados, terciles y cuartiles. Resultados De los 5062 profesionales de salud, 62,3% eran mujeres, 44,0% eran médicos, 46,0% pertenecían al MINSA y 23,1% laboraban en Lima. Se obtuvo una prevalencia global del SB de 2,8% (IC95%: 2,19-3,45) usando valores predeterminados; 7,9% (IC95%: 6,93-8,95) para puntos de corte según cuartiles; y 12,5% (IC95%:11,29-13,77) usando terciles. La prevalencia es mayor en médicos que en enfermeras, independientemente del punto de corte usado (3,7% vs 2,1% en valores predeterminados; 10,2 vs 6,1% con cuartiles, y 16,2 vs 9,5% mediante terciles). Conclusiones La prevalencia del síndrome en personal sanitario es distinta en una misma población, según se utilicen los distintos puntos de corte descritos. Se recomienda el uso de los valores predeterminados por el creador del instrumento, hasta obtener puntos específicos para nuestro país.

ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BOS) in Peruvian physicians and nurses in 2014 according to different cutoff points established in the literature. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study based on the National Survey on User Satisfaction of Health Services for 2014 (ENSUSALUD-2014), which features two-stage probability sampling. BOS was identified by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) using different cutoff points to establish prevalence, including default values, terciles, and quartiles. Results Of the 5062 health professionals, 62.3% were women, 44.0% were physicians, 46.0% belonged to the MINSA, and 23.1% worked in Lima. The overall BOS prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.4-3.2), when default values were used; the prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI, 7.3-8.6) when quartiles were used as cutoff points and 12.5% (95% CI, 11.4-13.6) when terciles were used as cutoff points. The prevalence was higher in doctors than in nurses, regardless of the cutoff point used (3.7% vs. 2.1% using default values, 10.2 vs. 6.1% using quartiles, and 16.2 vs. 9.5% using terciles). Conclusions The prevalence of BOS in health workers differs within the same population when different cutoff points are used. The use of default values is recommended by the instrument author until specific cut-points for our country are obtained.

Successful management of grade III coronary perforation after percutaneous angioplasty in a high-risk patient: a case report.

Coronary perforation is a rare complication in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty. The mortality of this complication varies depending on factors related to the patient and the procedure performed, reaching 44% in patients with Ellis type III perforation. We report the case of an 81 year old male with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, who underwent percutaneous angioplasty for unstable angina management. The patient developed grade III coronary perforation in the anterior descending artery, which was successfully managed with balloon inflation to 6 atmospheres for 10 minutes twice in the affected area, with an interval of 5 minutes between each dilatation. The patient improved and was discharged.

La perforación coronaria es una complicación rara en los pacientes sometidos a angioplastia percutánea coronaria. La mortalidad de esta complicación es variable, dependiendo de factores relacionados al paciente y al procedimiento realizado. Alcanza el 44% en pacientes con perforación tipo III, según la escala de Ellis. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 81 años con múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular, a quien se le realizó una angioplastia percutánea para manejo de un síndrome isquémico coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SICA STNE) de alto riesgo. El procedimiento se complicó con una perforación coronaria grado III en la arteria descendente anterior, la cual fue manejada exitosamente con dilatación de balón a 6 atmósferas por 10 minutos en dos oportunidades en la zona afectada, con intervalo de 5 minutos entre insuflaciones. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y fue dado de alta.

Factores de riesgo para el abandono del tratamiento de tuberculosis pulmonar sensible en un establecimiento de salud de atención primaria, Lima, Perú / Risk factors for drug-sensitive tuberculosis therapy failure in a primary care health center in Lima, Peru

Identificar los factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso en un centro de salud de atención primaria del distrito de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo no pareado. Se definió como caso a los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento por un periodo de 30 días consecutivos o más y como controles a los pacientes que terminaron el tratamiento antituberculoso. Se evaluó el puntaje de riesgo de abandono que se realiza en el centro de salud (>22), así como variables demográficas. Se calculó el odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) usando regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyó 34 controles y 102 casos. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que quienes cursaron menos de seis años de educación (OR: 22,2; IC95%: 1,9-256,1) así como quienes tenían un puntaje > a 22 puntos en la prueba de riesgo de abandono (OR= 21,4; IC95%: 6,3-72,4) tenían mayor probabilidad de abandonar el tratamiento antituberculoso. Conclusión: El abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso está asociado con tener menos de seis años de educación y un score mayor a 22 puntos en la prueba de abandono de tratamiento antituberculoso...

Objective: To identify associated factors with failure of antituberculous therapy in a primary health center in Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Retrospective case control study with a 1:3 case-control ratio. A case was defined as a patient who discontinued the treatment for a period of 30 consecutive days or more, and a control as a patient successfully completing antituberculous therapy. The score for risk of failure measured in the health center (>22) and demographic variables were assessed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Thirty-four cases and 102 controls were included. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated to a greater likelihood for a failure in antituberculous therapy were to have less than six years of education (OR: 22,2; 95% IC: 1,9-256,1) and to obtain a score greater or equal than 22 points in the test for risk of failure (OR= 21,4; 95% IC: 6,3-72,4). Conclusions: Failure of antituberculous therapy was associated with having less than six years of educationand a score greater than or equal to 22 points in the test for risk of failure...